欧美黑人3p-欧美黑大硬粗免费视频-欧美黑大粗-欧美黑粗特黄午夜大片-欧美黑白配性xxxxx-欧美黑b

INSTALLING ECO-FRIENDLY CAR BRAKES HELPS IMPROVE WATER QUALITY

 If you had your car brakes replaced recently, there's a good chance you helped improve water quality without even knowing it. A California law that requires environmentally friendly brake pads is being phased in through the year 2025, but many brake companies are already complying voluntarily.

This good news for Bay Area waterways began in the early 1990s with a mystery. "Parts of the bay couldn't even be fished. The fish were so full of copper that they were not fit for human consumption," Mountain View auto shop owner Larry Moore said.

No one was sure where the copper was coming from. Moore said researchers looked at everything from rain gutters to rat poison until a group of auto mechanics helped connect the dots. Brake pad manufacturers keep their formulas secret, but mechanics installing the pads could see the copper and that turned out to be the clue that counted.

Meredith Williams with the California Department of Toxics Substances Control explained "Every time we brake, a little bit of dust is generated from our brake pad, so whatever is in the brake pad ends up on our roads." That brake dust is full of copper. Rain washes it down storm drains, then it flows into creeks and out to the bay. "Getting that copper out of our water is really important. Copper is a toxic to aquatic species from the bottom of the food chain, like zooplankton, through minnows and trout and even salmon," Williams said.

Storm water treatment agencies, environmental groups and brake companies teamed up to research the problem in the Bay Area. The research eventually led to laws passed in 2010 in California and Washington State, phasing out copper and other heavy metals from brake pads over 15 years.

Some manufacturers are not waiting around. "40 percent of the brakes on the market comply with the goals that were set for the year 2025," Williams said.

Manufacturers were allowed to keep selling their old supply of brake pads, but were required to start making new ones with almost no asbestos, cadmium, chromium, lead or mercury by 2014. By 2021, they must make pads with less than 5 percent copper, and by 2025, less than .5 percent.

Larry's AutoWorks in Mountain View has been installing the new pads for more than five years. Moore said brakes that comply with the requirements are available for almost all cars now. They cost about the same and perform well.

Up until now, compliance by the manufacturers has been essentially voluntary, with no penalties in place. But California is now working on rules that will make the low copper requirements mandatory, with details about how the law will be enforced.

Individual drivers are not required to take any action, but Williams said they can help speed things up. "It certainly wouldn't hurt if more people were aware and more people asked their mechanics for these kinds of brakes," she said.

Many mechanics may not know about the new pads yet, but they can ask for them from their distributor. The industry has agreed on a set of symbols to make compliance with the new standards more clear.

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates California's urban runoff is down as much as 61 percent due to changes in brake pad composition.
2016-09-12 22:28:09
主站蜘蛛池模板: 中文成人在线 | 成人在线免费观看 | 亚洲免费成人在线 | 亚洲精品短视频 | 一 级 黄 色 片生活片 | 久久综合一区二区三区 | 天天拍夜夜爽 | 中文字幕视频网站 | 91专区在线观看 | 美女黄18 | 综合在线播放 | 91插插插插 | 亚洲在线播放视频 | 亚洲二区在线播放 | 天天影视欧美综合在线观看 | 国产一国产一有一级毛片 | 日韩欧美一区二区中文字幕 | 伊人蕉久影院 | 国产高清在线看免费视频观 | 欧美一区二区三区免费高 | 午夜视频在线播放 | 亚洲免费视频网址 | 不卡午夜视频 | 国产午夜在线观看视频播放 | 欧美成人黄色片 | 福利美女视频 | 日韩一级大片 | 中文字幕第6页 | 欧美在线视频你懂的 | 日本精品网站 | 成人在线精品视频 | 日韩大片免费在线观看 | 午夜视频在线观看www中文 | 亚洲欧美综合国产不卡 | 特级黄色免费片 | a级毛片免费高清毛片视频 a级毛片免费高清视频 | 1024手机看片金沙久久国产 | 免费大片a一级一级 | 欧美日韩欧美日韩 | 综合黄色| 亚洲高清免费在线观看 |