欧美黑人3p-欧美黑大硬粗免费视频-欧美黑大粗-欧美黑粗特黄午夜大片-欧美黑白配性xxxxx-欧美黑b

INSTALLING ECO-FRIENDLY CAR BRAKES HELPS IMPROVE WATER QUALITY

 If you had your car brakes replaced recently, there's a good chance you helped improve water quality without even knowing it. A California law that requires environmentally friendly brake pads is being phased in through the year 2025, but many brake companies are already complying voluntarily.

This good news for Bay Area waterways began in the early 1990s with a mystery. "Parts of the bay couldn't even be fished. The fish were so full of copper that they were not fit for human consumption," Mountain View auto shop owner Larry Moore said.

No one was sure where the copper was coming from. Moore said researchers looked at everything from rain gutters to rat poison until a group of auto mechanics helped connect the dots. Brake pad manufacturers keep their formulas secret, but mechanics installing the pads could see the copper and that turned out to be the clue that counted.

Meredith Williams with the California Department of Toxics Substances Control explained "Every time we brake, a little bit of dust is generated from our brake pad, so whatever is in the brake pad ends up on our roads." That brake dust is full of copper. Rain washes it down storm drains, then it flows into creeks and out to the bay. "Getting that copper out of our water is really important. Copper is a toxic to aquatic species from the bottom of the food chain, like zooplankton, through minnows and trout and even salmon," Williams said.

Storm water treatment agencies, environmental groups and brake companies teamed up to research the problem in the Bay Area. The research eventually led to laws passed in 2010 in California and Washington State, phasing out copper and other heavy metals from brake pads over 15 years.

Some manufacturers are not waiting around. "40 percent of the brakes on the market comply with the goals that were set for the year 2025," Williams said.

Manufacturers were allowed to keep selling their old supply of brake pads, but were required to start making new ones with almost no asbestos, cadmium, chromium, lead or mercury by 2014. By 2021, they must make pads with less than 5 percent copper, and by 2025, less than .5 percent.

Larry's AutoWorks in Mountain View has been installing the new pads for more than five years. Moore said brakes that comply with the requirements are available for almost all cars now. They cost about the same and perform well.

Up until now, compliance by the manufacturers has been essentially voluntary, with no penalties in place. But California is now working on rules that will make the low copper requirements mandatory, with details about how the law will be enforced.

Individual drivers are not required to take any action, but Williams said they can help speed things up. "It certainly wouldn't hurt if more people were aware and more people asked their mechanics for these kinds of brakes," she said.

Many mechanics may not know about the new pads yet, but they can ask for them from their distributor. The industry has agreed on a set of symbols to make compliance with the new standards more clear.

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates California's urban runoff is down as much as 61 percent due to changes in brake pad composition.
2016-09-12 22:28:09
主站蜘蛛池模板: 91精品国产91久久久久久 | 国产福利片在线 | 在线观看日本网站 | 日韩欧美一区二区三区不卡 | 日韩不卡中文字幕 | 国产成人精选免费视频 | 国产视频中文字幕 | 亚欧日韩 | 网站在线你懂的 | 日韩精美视频 | 爱爱爱免费视频 | 在线免费观看国产视频 | 久久久久女人精品毛片九一 | 日韩成人在线视频 | 美女一级 | 日韩三级网| 日韩美女在线看免费观看 | 一区二区免费视频 | 天天干天天射天天操 | 亚洲精品在线免费看 | 精品一区 二区三区免费毛片 | 日韩一区国产二区欧美三区 | 亚洲在线一区二区 | 91视频国产一区 | 国产精品日本一区二区在线播放 | 国产精品综合一区二区 | 亚洲欧美日韩色 | 五月天亚洲视频 | 日韩一区国产二区欧美三区 | 波多野结衣在线高清视频 | 国产三级国产精品 | 综合久久久久久久综合网 | 国产草| 成人午夜| 国产成人综合高清在线观看 | 欧美三级一区二区 | 草草视频免费在线观看 | 在线播放免费播放av片 | 一本之道无吗一二三区 | av亚洲男人天堂 | 婷婷在线免费视频 |